Abstract
This review paper explores the relationship between mining activities and the physicochemical properties of groundwater in the Tiroid region of Balaghat District, Madhya Pradesh. Mining operations have profound implications on the quality and availability of groundwater resources, disturbing parameters such as pH, metal concentrations, and overall water chemistry. The paper examines the diverse mechanisms through which mining activities alter groundwater characteristics, including acid mine drainage, leaching of heavy metals, and subsidence-related impacts. The study highlights significant environmental concerns, showing how coal mining often exposes sulfur-bearing rocks leading to acidic drainage that mobilizes heavy metals, threatening both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Research from various Indian mining regions demonstrates that water in these areas frequently becomes unsuitable for domestic and industrial use without proper treatment. The paper concludes with an evaluation of potential mitigation strategies, emphasizing the need for sustainable mining practices, effective water management, and regular environmental monitoring to safeguard this vital water source for the region's population and ecosystems.
