Abstract
Animal-based formulations have played a vital role in traditional and modern medicine due to their rich composition of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. Thus, the study of animal-based formulations bridges traditional knowledge and modern science, offering promising avenues for the development of natural therapeutics with multifaceted health benefits. Hence, the goal of the current study was done to prepare and optimize the cow urine based formulation using cow urine concentrate (CUC) (3% w/w) animal-based components and to evaluate the physicochemical and morphological studies for the first time in vitro. The physicochemical properties such as- texture profile, pH, extrudability and rheology study and morphological properties using scanning electron microscopy were evaluated. The results of formulation exhibited a whitish-brown colour, smooth texture, and good extrudability, with a pH of 6.0. These properties make it suitable for topical application. SEM analysis revealed a smooth and homogeneous surface morphology, indicating good stability and uniformity of the formulation. The formulation physicochemical properties after one month of storage at different temperatures, suggesting good shelf-life stability. Hence, in the current study it is concluded that; the cow urine concentrate formulation was successfully optimized and developed in vitro that met the relevant pharmaceutical characteristics - safety, potency, stability and shelf life.
